Introduction Base exchange water softening is a process that uses a type of resin called a cation exchange resin to remove calcium and magnesium ions from hard water. The resin is made up of tiny beads that have a negative charge. When hard water flows through the resin, the calcium and magnesium ions (which have a positive charge) attach to the resin beads and are exchanged for sodium ions (which also have a positive charge). The sodium ions are then released into the water,

Introduction As per the United Nations, climate change refers to “long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns”. This can be natural or man-made or both. However, the main driver of the rapidly increasing earth’s temperature is increasing greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions by burning fossil fuels. In the last 40 years, there is an increase of 0.75 degrees Celsius which has caused a huge disruption in the earth’s ecosystem with natural calamities like floods, droughts, c